voluntary

汉语翻译

a. 自动的, 自愿的, 故意的, 志愿的, 自发的
n. 自愿行动, 志愿者, 自由调
【医】 随意的
【经】 自愿的, 任意的, 遂意的
相关词组:
on a voluntary basis

词型变化：

名词:voluntariness 副词:voluntarily 名词复数:voluntaries 

词意辨析：

voluntary, willing

这两个形容词均有“自愿的”之意。
voluntary: 使用广泛，侧重不受约束，行动不为其他影响所左右。
willing: 着重自愿、令人愉快或急切地去行动。

英语解释：

名词 voluntary:

1. (military) a person who freely enlists for service
   同义词：volunteer, military volunteer
2. composition (often improvised) for a solo instrument (especially solo organ) and not a regular part of a religious service or musical performance

形容词 voluntary:

1. of your own free will or design; not forced or compelled
2. controlled by individual volition

例句：

1. She's very taken up with voluntary work at the moment.
   她目前大部分时间和精力都用在志愿工作上了。
2. Although I'm retired, voluntary work keeps me in the swim (of things).
   我虽已退休，但仍做些义务工作，以便了解当前的情势。
3. He made a voluntary statement to the police.
   他自愿为警方作供。
4. Many social services are still provided by voluntary societies in our city.
   在我们的城市，许多社会服务仍然是有志愿团体提供的。

详细解释：

vol.un.tar.y

adj.（形容词）
Arising from or acting on one`s own free will.
自愿的：由某人的自由意愿决定或依某人自由意愿行事的
Acting, serving, or done willingly and without constraint or expectation of reward:
志愿的，义务的：自愿地而无强迫或期望回报而行动、服务或做的：
例句：
a voluntary hostage; voluntary community work.
志愿人质；义务社区工作

Normally controlled by or subject to individual volition:
自主的：正常决定于或控制于个人意志的：
例句：
Respiration is voluntary.
呼吸是自主的

Capable of making choices; having the faculty of will.
自决的：能做出选择的；具有选择能力的
Supported by contributions or charitable donations rather than by government appropriations:
自愿捐助的：由捐献或慈善捐助而非政府拨款支持的：
例句：
voluntary hospitals.
自愿捐助医院

Law
【法律】
Without legal obligation or consideration:
自愿的：没有法律义务或顾虑的：
例句：
a voluntary conveyance of property.
自愿的财产让与

Done deliberately; intentional:
故意做的；蓄意的：
例句：
voluntary manslaughter.
故意 * 犯

n.（名词）
【复数】 vol.un.tar.ies
Music
【音乐】
A short piece of music, often improvised on a solo instrument, played as an introduction to a larger work.
即兴曲：一段短音乐，常为乐器即兴独奏，作为大型作品的序曲
A piece for solo organ, often improvised, played before, during, or after a religious service.
即兴演奏：在宗教仪式之前、之间或之后演奏的常常为即兴的乐器独奏乐
A volunteer.
志愿者

来源：
Middle English
中古英语
from Latin volunt3rius
源自 拉丁语 volunt3rius
from volunt3s [choice]
源自 volunt3s [选择]
from velle vol- [to wish] * see wel-
源自 velle vol- [希望] *参见 wel-

【引伸】
vol.untar.ily

vol.untar.iness
n.（名词）
<参考词汇><同义词>voluntary,intentional,deliberate,willful,willingThese adjectives mean being or resulting from one`s own free will.
这些形容词的意思是作为或由某人自愿导致的。
Voluntary implies the operation of unforced choice:
Voluntary 指没有强迫选择的活动：
例句：
.Ignorance, when it is voluntary, is criminal. (Samuel Johnson).
.当自愿的时候愚昧就是犯罪. （塞缪尔·约翰逊）。

Intentional applies to something undertaken to further a plan or realize an aim:
Intentional 用于为了推行一个计划或实现一个目的而做的事情：
例句：
.In whatsoever houses I enter, I will enter to help the sick, and I will abstain from all intentional wrongdoing and harm. (Hippocratic Oath).
.在我进入的每一所房子，我将帮助病人，并将戒绝所有人为的错误和伤害. （希波克拉底誓约）。

Deliberate stresses premeditation and full awareness of the character and consequences of one`s acts:
Deliberate 强调预先考虑或对于某人行动特征和后果的完全了解：
例句：
.In life courtesy and self-possession, and in the arts style, are the sensible impressions of the free mind,for both arise out of a deliberate shaping of all things. (William Butler Yeats).
.在生活中礼貌和镇定，在艺术风格上是自由思想的明智反映，因为二者均出于对所有事物的有意的塑造. （威廉·巴特勒·叶芝）。

Willful implies deliberate, headstrong persistence in a self-determined course of action:
Willful 指在自己决定的行动过程中的故意的、顽固的坚持：
例句：
a willful waste of time.
对时间任意的浪费。

Willing suggests ready or cheerful acquiescence in the proposals or requirements of another:
Willing 指对于别人的建议或要求迅速并高兴的同意：
例句：
.The first requisite of a good citizen . . . is that he shall be able and willing to pull his weight. (Theodore Roosevelt).
.成为一个好公民的第一个要求…是他能够并且乐意努力做好其份内工作. （西奥多·罗斯福）