rough

汉语翻译

n. 粗糙的东西, 毛坯, 未加工品, 梗概, 草图, 暴徒, 艰难
a. 粗糙的, 粗暴的, 蓬乱的, 草率的, 大致的, 简陋的, 暴风雨的, 艰难的
vt. 使粗糙, 使不平, 使蓬乱, 粗制, 草拟, 粗暴对待, 对...动粗
vi. 变粗糙
ad. 粗糙地, 粗暴地
【医】 粗糙的, 不光滑的
【经】 粗略的, 大致的, 大概的
相关词组:
cut up rough
in the rough
rough it
take the rough with the smooth
rough and ready
have a rough time
play rough
be rough on sb

词型变化：

副词:roughly 名词:rougher 形容词比较级:rougher 最高级:roughest 动词过去式:roughed 过去分词:roughed 现在分词:roughing 第三人称单数:roughs 

词意辨析：

rough, coarse, harsh, rude, crude

这些形容词均有“粗糙”之意。
rough: 普通用词，指某物表面凹凸不平，天气恶劣，（态度）粗暴，（计算)粗略。
coarse: 指某物质地低劣或编织、加工等不精细。也指(言谈)粗俗。
harsh: 指外表、性质、声音的粗糙、刺耳、刺目，强调使人不愉快感。
rude: 指加工粗糙、不精细。尤指行为举止粗鲁无礼，缺乏修养。
crude: 主要指未经加工处理尚处于自然状态的物质；食物或水果的不熟。

英语解释：

名词 rough:

1. the part of a golf course bordering the fairway where the grass is not cut short

动词 rough:

1. prepare in preliminary or sketchy form
   同义词：rough in, rough out

形容词 rough:

1. having or caused by an irregular surface
   同义词：unsmooth
2. (of persons or behavior) lacking refinement or finesse
3. not quite exact or correct
   同义词：approximate, approximative
4. full of hardship or trials
   同义词：rocky
5. violently agitated and turbulent
   同义词：boisterous, fierce
6. unpleasantly harsh or grating in sound
   同义词：grating, gravel, gravelly, rasping, raspy, scratchy
7. ready and able to resort to force or violence
   同义词：pugnacious
8. of the margin of a leaf shape; having the edge cut or fringed or scalloped
9. causing or characterized by jolts and irregular movements
   同义词：rocky, bumpy, jolty, jolting, jumpy
10. not shaped by cutting or trimming
    同义词：uncut
11. not carefully or expertly made
    同义词：crude
12. not perfected
13. unpleasantly stern
    同义词：harsh
14. unkind or cruel or uncivil
    同义词：harsh

副词 rough:

1. with roughness or violence (`rough' is an informal variant for `roughly')
   同义词：roughly
2. with rough motion as over a rough surface
   同义词：roughly

例句：

1. I feel a bit rough I'm going to bed.
   我有点儿不舒服－－想去睡觉了。
2. They complained rough handling by the police.
   他们抱怨受到警察粗野的对待。
3. Could you give me a rough idea when you'll be back?
   你能告诉我你大概什么时候回来吗？
4. The rough road made the car vibrate.
   崎岖不平的道路使车颠簸得很厉害。

详细解释：

rough

adj.（形容词）
rough.er,rough.est
Having a surface marked by irregularities, protuberances, or ridges; not smooth.
不光滑的：表面不平整、隆起或突起的；不平滑的
Coarse or shaggy to the touch:
粗糙的，毛糙的：手感粗糙或毛绒绒的：
例句：
a rough, scratchy blanket.
一床扎人的粗毛毯子



Difficult to travel over or through:
崎岖的：难于行走或穿越的：
例句：
the rough terrain of the highlands.
高地上陡峭的地区

Characterized by violent motion; turbulent:
狂暴的：具有猛烈运动特征的；汹涌的：
例句：
rough waters.
汹涌的海浪

Difficult to endure or live through, especially because of harsh or inclement weather:
艰难的：尤指因恶劣或严寒的天气而难以忍受或活不下去的：
例句：
a rough winter.
严冬

Unpleasant or difficult:
不愉快，艰难的：
例句：
had a rough time during the exam.
考试期间很难熬



Boisterous, unruly, uncouth, or rowdy:
粗暴的：喧闹、不守秩序、粗野或吵嚷的：
例句：
ran with a rough crowd.
与一群粗暴的人为舞

Lacking polish or finesse:
粗鲁的，不雅的：
例句：
rough manners.
粗鲁无礼的态度

Characterized by carelessness or force, as in manipulating:
毛糙的：如在操作过程中不小心或用力的：
例句：
broke the crystal through rough handling.
因动作毛糙而将水晶制品打碎了

Harsh to the ear:
刺耳的：
例句：
a rough, raspy sound.
粗哑且不悦耳的声音

Being in a natural state:
处于自然状态的：
例句：
rough diamonds.
未经加工的钻石

Not perfected, completed, or fully detailed:
概略的：不完善、未完成或粗略的：
例句：
a rough drawing; rough carpentry.
草图；粗制的木器

n.（名词）


Rugged, overgrown terrain.
高低不平且杂草丛生的地区
Sports The part of a golf course left unmowed and uncultivated.
【体育运动】 深草区：高尔夫球场上未刈和未经耕作的部分
The difficult or disagreeable aspect, part, or side:
艰难，苦难：艰难或不愉快的方面或部分：
例句：
observed politics in the rough when working as an intern on Capitol Hill.
在国会做实习生时看到了从事政治不愉快的一面

Something in an unfinished or hastily worked-out state.
粗制品：处于未完成或粗加工状态的东西
A crude, unmannered person; a rowdy.
粗人，莽汉；暴徒
v.tr.（及物动词）
roughed,rough.ing,roughs


To treat roughly or with physical violence:
对…粗暴：粗鲁地对待或用暴力对待：
例句：
roughed up his opponent.
用暴力对付对手

Sports To treat (an opposing player) with unnecessary roughness during a sport or game:
【体育运动】 粗暴的动作：体育运动或比赛中以不必要地粗 * 作对待（对方运动员）：
例句：
roughed the passer and was ejected from the game.
对传球者动作粗暴而被逐出比赛

To prepare or indicate in an unfinished form:
草拟：草拟或画出轮廓：
例句：
rough out a house plan.
画出房子的草图

adv.（副词）
In a rough manner; roughly.
粗暴地；粗野地

<习惯用语>rough it
To live without the usual comforts and conveniences:
因陋就简地生活：
例句：
roughed it in a small hunting shack.
在一间打猎的小棚屋里因陋就简地生活

来源：
Middle English
中古英语
from Old English rôh
源自 古英语 rôh

【引伸】
rough.er
n.（名词）
rough.ly
adv.（副词）
rough.ness
n.（名词）
<参考词汇><同义词>rough,harsh,jagged,rugged,scabrous,unevenThese adjectives apply to what is not smooth but has a coarse, irregular surface.
这些形容词指不光滑、粗糙或不平整的表面。
Rough describes something that to the sight or touch has inequalities,as projections or ridges:
Rough 描述看起来或摸起来不平坦或不整齐的东西，如凸起物或隆起部分等：
例句：
rough bark;
粗糙的树皮；

例句：
rough, chapped hands;
粗糙龟裂的双手；

例句：
a rough homespun fabric. Somethingharsh is unpleasantly rough, discordant, or grating:
家纺的粗布。 Harsh 描述令人感到不愉快地粗糙、不和谐、刺耳的物体：

例句：
harsh burlap;
粗糙的麻布袋；

例句：
the harsh cry of a crow.
刺耳的鸡啼声。

Jagged refers to an edge or a surface with irregular projections and indentations:
Jagged 指有不规则的凸起物或凹口的边缘或表面：
例句：
a jagged piece of glass.
一块锯齿状的玻璃。

Rugged, which often refers to strength or endurance,especially in people,can also apply to land surfaces characterized by irregular,often steep rises and slopes:
Rugged 常指强健或耐力，尤指人能吃苦耐劳的，也用于指地表高低不平，有陡峭的高地和斜坡：
例句：
a rugged, rocky trail;
崎岖不平且多岩石的小路；

例句：
rugged countryside.
多丘陵的乡村。

Scabrous means rough and scaly to the tactile sense:
Scabrous 指手感粗糙且多鳞的：
例句：
a granular, scabrous spot on his cheek.
他脸颊上粗糙的颗粒状斑点。

Uneven describes lines or surfaces of which some parts are not level with others:
Uneven 指有些部分不在同一个平面上的线条或表层：
例句：
uneven ground;
不平整的地面；

例句：
uneven handwriting. See also Synonyms at rude
不整齐的笔迹 参见同义词 rude