draft

汉语翻译

n. 气流, 草稿, 汇票, 草案
vt. 起草, 征兵
【计】 草稿
【医】 顿服剂, 饮剂, 穿堂风
【经】 汇票

词型变化：

动词过去式:drafted 过去分词:drafted 现在分词:drafting 第三人称单数:drafts 

词意辨析：

draft, outline, diagram, plot, sketch, blueprint

这些词既可作动词也可作名词用，作动词时均有“绘制”之意；作名词时都含“草图”之意。
draft: 用作动词时指按准确比例设计或打样；作名词时专指精确的草图或草案。
outline: 主要给出事物要点或轮廓，强调简化了的整体。
diagram: 侧重指用图形、图表等来说明。
plot: 可与draft和diagram换用，但侧重于表示具体的点、面、部分或目标，从而使相互关系以及和整体的关系得以明确。
sketch: 指用图、模型或语言描述来表示某一事物的整体情况。
blueprint: 主要指绘制蓝图或制定纲领或规划。这个词引申用来指详细而具体的行动计划。

英语解释：

名词 draft:

1. a document ordering the payment of money; drawn by one person or bank on another
   同义词：bill of exchange, order of payment
2. a current of air (usually coming into a room or vehicle)
   同义词：draught
3. a preliminary sketch of a design or picture
   同义词：rough drawing
4. a serving of drink (usually alcoholic) drawn from a keg
   同义词：draught, potation, tipple
5. preliminary version of a written work
   同义词：draft copy
6. the depth of a vessel's keel below the surface (especially when loaded)
   同义词：draught
7. a regulator for controlling the flow of air in a fireplace
8. a dose of liquid medicine
   同义词：draught
9. compulsory military service
   同义词：conscription, muster, selective service
10. a large and hurried swallow
    同义词：gulp, draught, swig
11. the act of moving a load by drawing or pulling
    同义词：draught, drawing

动词 draft:

1. draw up an outline or sketch for something
   同义词：outline
2. engage somebody to enter the army
   同义词：enlist, muster in
3. make a blueprint of
   同义词：blueprint, draught

例句：

1. Who will draft the indictment?
   谁将起草起诉状？
2. L/c is payable against your draft.
   信用证凭汇票付款。
3. John was drafted into the Army last year.
   约翰去年被应征入伍。
4. He drew a draft of the car.
   他画了一张汽车的草图。

详细解释：

draft

n.Abbr. dft.（名词）缩写 dft.
A current of air in an enclosed area.
气流：封闭空间中的气流
A device that regulates the flow or circulation of air.
调节气流的装置：调节空气流动或循环的装置


The act of pulling loads; traction.
拖拽：拖动装载物的行为；牵引
Something that is pulled or drawn; a load.
负荷物：被拉或拖动的东西；装载物
A team of animals used to pull loads.
驮重物的兽群队伍：用来拉重物的一群牲口
Nautical The depth of a vessel`s keel below the water line, especially when loaded:
【航海】 吃水深度：船的龙骨在吃水线下的深度，尤指载重（时的吃水深度）：
例句：
a river vessel of shallow draft.
吃水浅的河船

A heavy demand on resources.
强大需求：对资源的强大需求
A written order directing the payment of money from an account or fund.
汇款：指示直接从户头或基金付款的书面命令


A gulp, a swallow, or an inhalation.
吞、饮或吸入
The amount taken in by a single act of drinking or inhaling.
吸入量：由一次动作饮入或吸入的量
A measured portion; a dose.
一定的量；一剂


The drawing of a liquid, as from a cask or keg.
汲取：汲取液体，如从桶中
An amount drawn:
汲取液体的量：
例句：
ordered two drafts of ale.
定了两份麦芽酒



The process or method of selecting one or more individuals from a group, as for a service or duty:
挑选：从团体中选出一个人或若干人来承担某种服务或职责的方法或过程：
例句：
a candidate who did not pursue the nomination, but accepted a draft by the party convention.
一位不谋求提名，但接受党的会议征召的候选人

Compulsory enrollment in the armed forces; conscription.
征兵：军队的义务服役的注册；征兵
A body of people selected or conscripted.
被选出或征召服役的一群人
Sports A system in which the exclusive rights to new players are distributed among professional teams.
【体育运动】 选拔新队员权制度：在职业性球队之间分配新运动员专有权的一种制度


The act of drawing in a fishnet.
拖鱼网
The quantity of fish caught.
捕鱼量


A preliminary outline of a plan, document, or picture:
草稿：计划、文件或图画的初步草案：
例句：
the first draft of a report.
一份报告的初稿

A representation of something to be constructed.
代表：所构想的某种东西的表现
A narrow line chiseled on a stone to guide a stonecutter in leveling its surface.
琢边：在石头上刻下的引导切石工磨平其表面的窄线
A slight taper given a die to facilitate the removal of a casting.
转子：嵌在模具上的细长拨销，使铸件容易被切割
An allowance made for loss in weight of merchandise.
折价：商品的重损耗折扣
v.（动词）
draft.ed,draft.ing,drafts
v.tr.（及物动词）
To select from a group for some usually compulsory service:
选拔：为某种，通常是义务性的服务而从一群人中选拔：
例句：
drafted into the army.
被征召入伍

To draw up a preliminary version of or plan for.
起草：为…制定草案或计划
To create by thinking and writing; compose:
拟稿：通过思考或写作来创造；创作：
例句：
draft a speech.
拟一份演讲稿

v.intr.（不及物动词）
To drive close behind another vehicle to take advantage of the reduced air pressure in its wake.
车的尾流优势：驱车紧跟在另一辆车的后面以便利用其尾流里被减弱的空气压力的优势
adj.（形容词）
Suited for or used for drawing heavy loads:
适于或用于牵引重物的：
例句：
oxen and other draft animals.
牛和其它牵引重物的动物

Drawn from a cask or tap:
从木桶或酒桶中汲出的：
例句：
draft beer.
生啤酒


<习惯用语>on draft
Drawn from a large container, such as a keg.
散装的，直接汲取的：从一个大容器中汲取的，如酒桶
来源：
Middle English draught [act of drawing or pulling]
中古英语 draught [拖或拉的行为]
from Old English *dreaht ; akin to dragan [to draw]
源自 古英语 *dreaht ；类似于 dragan [拖]