discipline

汉语翻译

n. 训练, 纪律
vt. 训练, 惩罚
【法】 纪律, 风纪, 惩戒

词型变化：

名词:discipliner 动词过去式:disciplined 过去分词:disciplined 现在分词:disciplining 第三人称单数:disciplines 形容词:disciplinal 

词意辨析：

drill, exercise, practice, training, discipline

这些名词都有“练习、训练、锻炼”之意。
drill: 侧重进行有系统的，严格和重复的练习。
exercise: 主要指为强壮体魄而进行的锻炼，也可指进行练习以保持已经获得的技巧。
practice: 指把所学的理论或知识用于实践以获得技艺与技巧。
training: 普通用词，泛指为从事某种职业而进行的身体或智力方面的训练。
discipline: 既可指训练又可指为达到某种熟练程度而进行约束。

英语解释：

名词 discipline:

1. a branch of knowledge
   同义词：subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study, study, bailiwick, branch of knowledge
2. a system of rules of conduct or method of practice;
3. the trait of being well behaved
4. training to improve strength or self-control
5. the act of punishing
   同义词：correction

动词 discipline:

1. train by instruction and practice; especially to teach self-control
   同义词：train, check, condition
2. punish in order to gain control or enforce obedience
   同义词：correct, sort out

例句：

1. The children are happy at the school, but they lack discipline.
   孩子们在学校里很快活，但很散漫。
2. His army is a very disciplined force.
   他的军队是一支训练有素的队伍。
3. The teacher can't keep discipline in her class.
   那位老师无法维持教室纪律。
4. A little discipline would do him a world of good.
   稍微处分他一下会对他大有好处。
5. She never disciplines her children and they are uncontrollable.
   她从不管教自己的孩子，弄得他们无法无天。

详细解释：

dis.ci.pline

n.（名词）
Training expected to produce a specific character or pattern of behavior, especially training that produces moral or mental improvement.
训练；修养；磨练：为有某一特定性格或行为方式而进行的训练，尤指为在道德和智力上的进步改善而进行的训练
Controlled behavior resulting from disciplinary training; self-control.
自制：遵守纪律训练而养成的克制行为；自控


Control obtained by enforcing compliance or order.
规律，纪律：由履行命令、依从而形成的克制
A systematic method to obtain obedience:
风纪：学会服从的系统方法：
例句：
a military discipline.
军纪

A state of order based on submission to rules and authority:
秩序：在服从规则、上司的基础上秩序的状态：
例句：
a teacher who demanded discipline in the classroom.
一位要求在课堂上遵守纪律的老师

Punishment intended to correct or train.
惩罚，处罚：为改正或训练而惩罚
A set of rules or methods, as those regulating the practice of a church or monastic order.
教规，戒律：一套规则或做法，如教堂或寺院里规定的教规戒律
A branch of knowledge or teaching.
学科；科目：知识或教学的分支
v.tr.（及物动词）
dis.ci.plined,dis.ci.plin.ing,dis.ci.plines
To train by instruction and practice, especially to teach self-control to.
训练，调教：通过教学和实践训练，尤指学会自我克制
To teach to obey rules or accept authority.See Synonyms at teach
使遵守准则，使服从权威参见 teach
To punish in order to gain control or enforce obedience.See Synonyms at punish
惩罚，处罚：为了控制或胁迫他人遵从而惩罚参见 punish
To impose order on:
规定：对…强行实施规定：
例句：
needed to discipline their study habits.
必须规定他的学习习惯


来源：
Middle English
中古英语
from Old French descepline
源自 古法语 descepline
from Latin disciplona
源自 拉丁语 disciplona
from discipulus [pupil] * see disciple
源自 discipulus [学生] *参见 disciple

【引伸】
dis.ciplinal

dis.ciplin.er
n.（名词）