custom

汉语翻译

n. 习惯, 风俗, 海关, 自定义
a. 定制的
【计】 定制; 自定义
【经】 商业惯例

词意辨析：

habit, practice, custom, convention

这组名词一般含义为“习惯”。
habit: 指个人的“习惯”，通常用于表示做事、思考问题或行为举止的不自觉的方式方法。

• that proved to be my undoing, for i soon got back to my old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen.
  这证明是我的失败，因为我不久就回到在电视屏幕前打瞌睡的坏习惯去了。

practice: 既可表示个人的也可表示社会的“习惯”，这种“习惯”从性质上看是一种反复不断的或是有选择性的行为或者方法。

• on the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat——the normally accepted practice in many northern countries.
  在另一方面，一想到用动物油煎马铃薯，你便会作呕。然而在许多北欧国家里，这是为大家接受的通常习惯。
• she walked slowly into the hall and at once noticed that all the room doors were open,yet following her general practice she had shut them before going out.
  她慢慢地走进厅堂，并且立刻发现所有的房门都是开着的。但是按照她自己的一般习惯，她在外出前总是把门全部关好的。

custom: 具有 habit 和 practice 的一切含义，此外，custom 还包含这样一层意思：长期而广泛采用的行为或方法，即风俗习惯，按照某地区人们共同生活及其行为的准则或规范，它不仅有指导意义，而且具有必须遵循的意义。

• don't be a slave to custom.
  不要做风俗习惯的奴隶。
• from the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behaviour.
  一个人从诞生的那一时刻起，他降生后所处的风俗习惯便给他的阅历和行为定型。

convention: 其实是其他3个词的近义词，它的含义为：固定的或公众一致承认的行事或表达思想的方法。

• they disregard social conventions without being conscious that they are doing anything extraordinary.
  他们不顾社会习俗，并未意识到自己在做些与众不同的事。

英语解释：

名词 custom:

1. accepted or habitual practice
   同义词：usage, usance
2. a specific practice of long standing
   同义词：tradition
3. money collected under a tariff
   同义词：customs, customs duty, impost
4. habitual patronage

形容词 custom:

1. made according to the specifications of an individual
   同义词：custom-made, customized, customised

例句：

1. The custom of young ladies being presented at court (ie formally introduced to the monarch) has disappeared.
   年轻女子被举荐入宫(觐见君主)的风俗已不复存在。
2. Custom rules the law.
   [谚]风俗左右法律。
3. Social customs vary greatly from country to country.
   国与国之间的社会习俗有很大差异。
4. She followed her usual custom of spending Sunday at her villa at the seaside.
   她按照通常的习惯，在海滨别墅度过了星期天。
5. It took us only a few minutes to get through the Customs.
   我们的海关检查只花了几分钟时间。

详细解释：

cus.tom

n.（名词）
A practice followed by people of a particular group or region.
习俗，风俗：某一特定群体或地区的人们所遵循的惯例
A habitual practice of a person:
习惯：某人的习惯性做法：
例句：
my custom of reading a little before sleep.See Synonyms at habit
我习惯在睡觉前先看会儿书参见 habit

Law A common tradition or usage so long established that it has the force or validity of law.
【法律】 习惯法：一个共同传统或用法根深蒂固以致于它开始具有法律的威力和效力


Habitual patronage, as of a store.
经常惠顾：对商店等经常的惠顾
Habitual customers; patrons.
老主顾，主顾：经常性的顾客；主顾
customs (used with a sing. verb)
customs （与单数动词连用）
A duty or tax imposed on imported and, less commonly, exported goods.
关税：对进口货物且很少对出口货物征收的一种税
The governmental agency authorized to collect these duties.
海关：被授权征收这些税收的政府机构
The procedure for inspecting goods and baggage entering a country.
海关检查：在货物和行李进入某个国家时进行检查的程序
Tribute, service, or rent paid by a feudal tenant to a lord.
交租：封建时代佃农向领主缴纳或提供的贡品、劳役或租税
adj.（形容词）
Made to order.
定做的：按照定单制作的
Specializing in the making or selling of made-to-order goods:
专做定货的：专门制作或出售定制货物的：
例句：
a custom tailor.
专做定制衣服的裁缝


来源：
Middle English custume
中古英语 custume
from Old French costume
源自 古法语 costume
from Latin cônsuôtôdô cônsuôtôdin-
源自 拉丁语 cônsuôtôdô cônsuôtôdin-
from cônsuôtus [past participle of] cônsuôscere [to accustom]
源自 cônsuôtus [] cônsuôscere的过去分词 [习惯]
com- [intensive pref.] * see com-
com- [前缀，表示加强语气] *参见 com-
suôscere [to become accustomed] * see s(w)e-
suôscere [变得习惯] *参见 s(w)e-